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Roman Occupation to 1066 I 1066-1760 I 1760 - present day

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Roman Occupation to 1066

Time Zones by Period or Kings and Queens of England	Historical Event
Roman Occupation	54-55BC: Attacks on Britain by Julius Caesar 52BC: Commius ruler of the Atrebates from Gaul arrives and founds his capital at Silchester 44BC: Julies Caesar is assassinated in Rome 27 BC: Augustus becomes Emperor of the Romans 9 AD: Cymbeline becomes ruler of South East England and a Tribune of Rome 40: Death of Cymbeline who is succeeded by sons Togodumnus and Caractacus 43: Battle of Medway, defeat of Caratacus by Romans 44: The Romans under Vespasian capture forts all over southern England. 49: Colchester founded by the Romans 50: Caractacus defeated and flees to North East England 51: Caractacus handed over to Romans by Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes and he is taken to Rome. Quintus Veranius arrives to capture the whole island 61: Boadicea leads an uprising and sacks Colchester, St Albans and London but is defeated at the Battle of Watling Street 61: Death of Boadicea 63: Joseph of Aramathea makes first Christian mission to Britain and goes to Glastonbury 84: The British led by the Caledononian Calgacus are beaten at the Battle of Mons Graupius and the Roman conquest is compete. 100: As troops are needed further South a Roman border is established called the "Stansgate Line" between the River Tyne and the Solway Firth. 121-127: Building of Hadrian's Wall to prevent raids by the Picts 140-142: Building of the Antonine Wall between the River Clyde and the Forth under the Roman Governor Quintus Lollius Urbus 193: Clodius Albinus becomes Governor of Britain 196: Clodius withdraws troops from Britain in an attempt to become emperor. 197: Clodius killed 208: Emperor Septimus Severus arrives to personally oversea the re-conquest of northern Britain 209: St Alban becomes the first Christian martyr in Britain 306: Constantine the Great is hailed as Emperor by his troops at Eboracum (York). 311: Christianity is made legal throughout the Empire 312: Constantine becomes a Christian. 383 Magnus Maximus declared Roman Emperor in Britain 388: Magnus is killed by the eastern emperor Theodosius 397: St Ninian is the first Bishop to visit Scotland and founds a church at Whithorn 407: Constantine 111 is hailed as the new garrison in Britain and withdraws roman troops to fight against the barbarians in Gaul 408: The country is now free to be attacked by the Scots, the Saxons and the Picts
Early Anglo-Saxon Kings	445: Vortigern comes to power in Britain 450: Vortigern asks the Jute Hengest and Horsa to fight against the Picts 458: Hengest conquers Kent 465: Birth of King Arthur 466: The Britons defeat the Saxons at the Battle of Wippedesfleot 470: Ambrosius becomes high king of Britain. 486: The Saxon Aelle fights the British at the Battle of Mercredesburne 495: Cerdic lands on the South coast of Britain and establishes what is to become the Kingdom of Wessex 496: A force led by Arthur defeats the Saxons at the Siege of Mount Badon 534: Cerdic is succeeded by Cynric as King of Wessex 537: Death of King Arthur at the Battle of Camlann. 550: St David introduces Christianity to Wales. 565: St Columba founds a monastery on the Island of Iona and begins to convert the Picts to Christianity 577: Battle of Dyrham 585: Foundation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia under Creoda 597: The Pope sends Augustine to bring the Roman version of Christianity to the Saxons and he founds a church at Canterbury and becomes its first Archbishop 635: Aidan a monk from Iona founds the monastery of Lindisfarne in Northumbria 657: Whitby Abbey is founded 664: Synod of Whitby marks the decline of the Celtic church 673: Birth of Venerable Bede 674: Ethelred becomes King of Mercia 687: Death of St Cuthbert 715: Creation of the Lindisfarne Gospels 735: Death of Venerable Bede 757: Offa takes the Kindgom of Mercia and begins building Offa's Dyke to keep out the Welsh from England 793: First Viking attack on Northumbria 796: Death of Offa marks the end of Mercian dominance 800: The Book of Kells is written in Ireland 825: At the Battle of Ellandon Egbert King of Wessex defeats the Mercians and becomes the major power in the region 836: Egbert is defeated by the Danes at Carhampton, Somerset 838: Egbert defeats the Danes at Hingston Down in Cornwall 840: The stone of Destiny is moved from Iona to Scone in Scotland 841: The Vikings found Dublin as a stronghold in Ireland 851: Vikings attack London and Canterbury 853: Alfred visits Rome with his father King Ethelwulf 865: Ethelred the third son of Ethelwulf becomes King of Wessex 866: Vikings attack York
Alfred the Great: 871-99	871: Ethelred dies of his wounds at the Battle of Ashdown 878: King Alfred defeats the Danes at the Battle of Edington. England is effectively cut into two with Wessex in the south and "The Danelaw" north of Watling Street 886: Alfred takes London from the Danes 895: Alfred captures the Danish fleet and they retreat to Northumbria
Edward the Elder: 899-924	902: The Danish ruler of East Anglia Eric is killed at the Battle of Holme 903: Monks bury St Edmund at Beodricsworth which is renamed Bury St Edmunds 920: after several victories Edward rules England and Scotland from the South Coast as far North as the Rivers Forth and Clyde
Athelstan: 924-939	927: The River Tees now marks the Northern frontier of England 937: Athelstan defeats Scots, Danes and Celts and takes tile of King of Britain
Edmund: 939-946	943: Malcom becomes King of the Scots 946: Edmund is murdered by Leofa when he tries to have him thrown out of a party
Edred: 946-955	952: The Dane Eric Bloodaxe recaptures York 954: Edred drives Eric out of York and this is the end of the viking period
Edwy: 955-59	955: Edwy the son of Edmund becomes King of England
Edgar the Peaceful: 959-975	959: Edwy's younger brother Edgar succeeds to the throne 973: Dunstan the Archbishop of Canterbury crowns Edgar Emperor of England.
Edward the Martyr: 975-78	975: Edgar's son Edward becomes King at the age of thirteen 978: Edward is murdered at Corfe Castle in Dorset
Ethelred 11 (The Unready) 978-1013	978: Edward's younger bother takes on the throne 980: Further Danish invasions and Ethelred is unable to unite the Kingdom against them 991: Ethelred buys off the Danes with £10,000 worth of silver known as the Danegeld 994: Ethelred buys off Sweyn the Dane and Olaf Trygvesson as they besiege London 1002: The St Brices Day Massacre. Ethelred tries to exterminate all the Danes in England 1003: Sweyn extracts revenge and then retreats 1006: Sweyn again returns and sends armies through Berkshire and Hampshire 1007: Ethelred buys two years peace for £36,000 of silver 1009: The Danes return 1010: Attacks on Oxford and East Anglia 1012: Canterbury is sacked and Archbishop Alphege is murdered The Danes are bought off for £48,000 of silver 1013: Sweyn lands in England and is proclaimed King. Ethelred flees to Normandy
Canute (The Dane) 1014-35 Ehthelred 11: 1014-16 Edmund Ironside: 1016	1014: On the Death of Sweyn his son Canute is elected King by the army. Ethelred is called on by the English and Canute leaves 1015: Canute again invades England 1016: Edmund Ironside becomes King of England south of the Thames. He is assassinated and Canute becomes undisputed King. 1017: Canute divides the Kingdom again into Northumbria. Wessex, Mercia and East Anglia 1028: Canute also becomes King of Norway 1031: Canute becomes Overlord of Scotland 1035: Harold "Harefoot" becomes Regent of England at the Death of Canute
Harold "Harefoot": 1036-40	1037: The Witan Parliament declares Harold King despite him being an illegitamate son of Canute
Harold Harthacanute: 1040-42	1040: Harthacanute the legitimate son of Canute becomes King. Macbeth murders Duncan the King of Scotland 1042: Harthacanute dies of drink.
Edward the Confessor: 1042-66	1042: Edward half brother of Harthacanute and son of Ethelred becomes King. The english royal line is restored after a period of twenty-nine years 1045: Edward marries Edith daughter of one of the powerful nobles of Wessex 1051: Duke William comes to England from Normandy and is promised the throne by Edward after a quarrel with Earl Godwin Edith's father 1052: Edward founds Westminster Abbey. Harold succeeds Earl Godwin as Earl of Wessex after he chokes to death 1057: Lady Godiva rides naked through Coventry
Harold 11: 1066	25th September 1066: Harold defeats his brother Tostig and Harold Hardraada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Both are killed 14th October 1066: William of Normandy lands at Pevensey and marches south to meet Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Harold is slain 1064: Harold is shipwrecked in Normandy and swears a solemn oath that William should succeed him 1065: Westminster Abbey is finished 1066: Battle of Hastings (see next page)

Roman Occupation to 1066 I 1066-1760 I 1760 - present day

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