1900-2000
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Great Britons: 250 Lives

 

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Britain Unlimited "Timelines" show the birth and deaths of the 250 famous British people covered in this site, together with the works they were associated with as well as other significant historical events of the time.

Information associated with the 250 figures is written in normal text and other events are written in italics.

 

Historical Event

 

Time Zones by Period
or Kings and
Queens of England

1900: Death of John Ruskin on the 20th January.
Edward Elgar oratorio "The "Dream of Gerontius" first performed.
Winston Churchill entered Parliament as a Conservative MP.
Oliver Lodge Chosen as the first Principle of the New Birmingham University.
Charles Rennie Mackintosh Exhibited at the Vienna Sezession.
1899-1902: Second Boer War.
October 1899-May 1900: The Siege of Mafeking in South Africa lasts for 217 days.
Death of R.D. Blackmore on the 20th January.
Death of Arthur Sullivan on the 22nd November.
Death of Oscar Wilde on the 30th November.
Death of William Armstrong on the 27th December.

1901: Edward Elgar writes "Pomp and Circumstance" March Number One "Land of Hope and Glory".
Beatrix Potter publishes "Peter Rabbit".
Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton sail on the National Antarctic Expedition ship "Discovery" which ventured further south than any other ship.
William Booth successfully gets Bryant and May to stop using phosphorus in matches.

The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, etc all form together to become the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Royal Navy launches its first submarine.

Victoria: 1837-1901

1902: Arthur Conan Doyle publishes"The Hound of the Baskervilles".
George Cadbury becomes the owner of the Daily News newspaper.
George Bernard Shaw Publishes "Man and Superman".
John Masefield publishes “Salt Water Ballads”.

1903: Birth of George Orwell one the 25th June.
Birth of Barbara Hepworth on the 12th June.
Birth of Graham Sutherland on the 24th August.
Birth of Evelyn Waugh on the 28th October.
Christabel Pankhurst Founds the Women’s Social and Political Union in Manchester.
Warnes take out a patent on Peter Rabbit making him the first soft toy to be mass produced.
Bertrand Russell publishes "The Principles of Mathematics".
Ralph Vaughan Williams begins his quest to collect English folk songs.

1904: Birth of Graham Greene on the 2nd October.
Earl Russell owns the first car number plate. A1.

1905: Birth of Edward Burra on the 29th March.
Herbert Austin founds the Austin Motor Company at Longbridge.
George Bernard Shaw publishes "Man and Superman".
H.M.S. Dreadnought revolutionises battleship design and launches a European scramble for naval supremacy.

1906: Birth of John Betjeman on the 28th August.
John Galsworthy begins the Forsyte Saga novels.

1907: Birth of W.H. Auden on the 21st February.
Birth of Laurence Olivier on the 22nd May.
Rudyard Kipling awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
13th February: Christabel Pankhurst arrested in Parliament Square, London.
Birth of Frank Whittle on the 1st June.
Death of William Kelvin on the 17th December.
Britain and Russia sign the Anglo-Russian Entente.

1908: E.M. Forster publishes "A Room With a View".
David Lloyd-George as the Chancellor of the Exchequer introduces Old Age Pensions which are paid the following year.

1909: Death of Algernon Charles Swinburne on the 12th April.
Ernest Shackleton is Knighted
Birth of Francis Bacon on the 28th October.

1910: Death of Florence Nightingale on the 13th August.
E.M. Forster publishes of "Howard’s End".
Paul Nash and Ben Nicholson became friends at the Slade School of Art.
T.S. Eliot writes "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock".

Edward the Seventh: 1901-1910

1911: Death of W. S. Gilbert on the 29th May.
Ernest Rutherford demonstrates the structure of the atom.

1912: Death of Scott of the Antarctic on the 29th March.
Arnold Bennett publishes "Clayhanger”.
Death of William Booth on the 20th August.
Death of William Holman Hunt on the 7th September.
Death of Joseph Lister on the 12th October.
Winston Churchill witnessed the Siege of Sidney Street as Home Secretary.
Bertrand Russell publishes "The Problems of Philosophy".
Robert Falcon Scott finally reaches the South Pole.
Emmeline Pankhurst is arrested twelve times and serves 30 days in jail.
The liner "Titanic" sinks on her maiden voyage.

1913: Birth of Benjamin Britten on the 22nd November.
D.H. Lawrence publishes "Sons and Lovers".
Building of the first Morris Oxford car by William Morris, Lord Nuffield.
Emily Wilding Davidson is killed as she throws herself under the King's horse at the Derby.
Establishment of the Cat and Mouse Act against the Suffragettes.
Charlie Chaplin records his first film.
The first Chelsea Flower Show is held.

1914: Beginning of First World War.
Birth of Dylan Thomas on the 27th October.
John Masefield joins the Red Cross.
Oct-November: First Battle of Ypres.
George Bernard Shaw publishes "Pygmalion".
The first German bomb falls on London.

1915: Birth of Stanley Matthews on the 1st February
Apr-May
Second Battle of Ypres

John Buchan publishes "The Thirty Nine Steps".
Execution of Edith Cavell on the 12th October.
Ivor Novello writes "Keep the Home Fires Burning".
Ernest Shackleton ship "Endurance" gets trapped in ice.
Death of W. G. Grace on the 23rd October.
First British Tanks appear on the battlefields.

1916: July-November Battle of the Somme.
April: Easter Rising in Ireland.
T.E. Lawrence involved in The Arab revolt against Turkey.
Bertrand Russell received a fine of £110 for his pacifist views and is dismissed from Cambridge.

1917: July-November Third Battle of Ypres
Russian Revolution.
Wilfred Owen writes “Dulce et Decorum Est".
The Royal Family take the name Windsor.

1918: Death of Wilfred Owen on the 4th November.
End of First World War.
The Representation of the People Act gives the vote to Women over 30.
The Royal Air Force is founded.

1919: Edward Elgar writes the "Cello Concerto in E Minor".
Augustus John at the Versailles Peace
Conference and paints portraits of delegates.
Siegfried Sassoon publishes “The War Poems”.
Michael Collins starts the Irish Republican Army to fight for a Republic of Ireland.
First crossing of the Atlantic by an airship, the R34.
Nancy Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament.

1920: Formation of the League of Nations.
Gustav Holst gives first performance of The Planets.
D.H. Lawrence publishes "Women in Love".

1921: Birth of Donald Campbell on the 23rd March.
David Lloyd-George negotiated with Sin Fein and conceded the setting up of the Irish Free State.
The Railways Act gives control of the railways to four major companies.

1922: Death of Ernest Shackleton on the 5th January.
Death of Alexander Graham Bell on the 2nd August.
Herbert Austin unveils the Austin Seven car.
Death of George Cadbury on the 24th October.
The first radio station is begun.

1923: Thomas Hardy is visited by The Prince of Wales.
Election of the first Labour Government at the General Election with Ramsay MacDonald as Prime Minister.
The BBC makes the first outside broadcast.

1924: Edward Elgar made Master of the Kings Musick.
Malcolm Campbell sets his first land speed record.
British Empire Exhibition held at Wembley.

1925: Birth of Richard Burton on the 10th November.
D.H. Lawrence writes "Lady Chatterley's Lover".
A.A. Milne writes the first Winnie the Pooh stories.
George Bernard Shaw awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Border fixed between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State.

1926: John Logie Baird unveils his first mechanical television.
May: The General Strike
.
T.E. Lawrence completes the "Seven Pillars of Wisdom".

1927: Death of Jerome K. Jerome on the 14th June.
Virginia Woolf publishes"To the Lighthouse".
Stanley Spencer begins painting the Sandham Memorial Chapel at Burghclere.
Sir John Reith is created first Director General of the BBC after its Royal Charter.

1928: Death of Thomas Hardy on the 12th January.
Death of Emmeline Pankhurst on the 14th June.
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin by chance
Henry Moore receives his first public commission for St. James Park Underground Station.
Death of Charles Rennie Mackintosh on the 10th December.
The right to vote covers all women for the first time.

1929: Birth of Graham Hill on the 15th February.
W.H. Auden is joined by Christopher Isherwood in Berlin.
Telephone boxes appear in London.

1930: Death of D.H. Lawrence on the 2nd March.
Frank Whittle applies to patent the jet engine.
John Masefield becomes Poet Laureate.
William Somerset Maugham wrote "Cakes and Ale".
Death of Arthur Conan Doyle on the 7th July.
The Airship R101 crashes in France.

1931: Death of Arnold Bennett on the 27th March.
Aldous Huxley writes "Brave New World".
Sir Oswald Mosley forms the British Union of Fascists.

1932: John Galsworthy won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
The Neutron is discovered by James Chadwick.

1933: Death of John Galsworthy on the 31st January.
H.G. Wells Publishes "The Shape of Things to Come".
Dylan Thomas publishes"And Death Shall Have No Dominion".

1934: Death of Edward Elgar on the 23rd February.
Ben Nicholson exhibits at the Venice Biennale.
Death of Gustav Holst on the 25th May.
E.M. Forster became the first president of the National Council for Civil Liberties.
Driving tests are introduced for the first time.
Children are given milk at school to improve nutrition.

1935: Stanley Matthews is first picked for England Football team.
Death of T.E. Lawrence on the 19th May.
T.S. Eliot publishes "Murder in the Cathedral".
Radar is demonstrated by Robert Watson Watt.

George the Fifth: 1910-1936

1936: Death of Rudyard Kipling on the 18th January.
Birth of Jim Clark on the 14th March.
Benjamin Britten wrote music for "Night Mail" for the G.P.O film.
Edward Burra designs sets and costumes for Ninette de Valois's ballet at Saddlers Wells.
George Orwell fights in the Spanish Civil War.
J.R.R. Tolkein completes "The Hobbit".
Jarrow Hunger March.
Opening of Gatwick Airport.

Edward Eighth (Abdicated): 1936

1938: Graham Greene publishes "Brighton Rock".
29th September: Munich Agreement between Hitler and N|Neville Chamberlain.
Stanley Spencer and Paul Nash exhibit at the Venice Biennale.
An Anglo-Italian agreement is signed.

1939: Stanley Matthews played in the Berlin Olympic Stadium where England were forced to give the Nazi salute.
The IRA bomb London and Coventry.
Beginning of Second World War.

1940: Barbara Hepworth moved to St. Ives in Cornwall.
Food rationing is introduced.
Death of John Buchan on the 11th February.
Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister.
Death of Oliver Lodge on the 22nd August.
Birth of John Lennon
on the 9th October.
Dylan Thomas publishes “The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog”.
September: The Battle of Britain.

1941: Suicide of Virginia Woolf on the 28th March.
Birth of Bobby Moore on the 12th April.
Death of Herbert Austin on the 23rd May.
The German battleship Bismarck is sunk by planes from H.M.S. Ark Royal.

1942: Evelyn Waugh publishes “Put Out More Flags”.
Malta is awarded the George Cross for heroism.

1943: Death of Beatrix Potter on the 22nd December.
T.S. Eliot publishes "Four Quartets".
Barnes Wallis designs the bouncing bomb for 617 squadron's Dambusters raid.
Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet at Casablanca.

1944: Frank Whittle's jet engined aircraft the Gloster Meteor flies in combat.
January: The Allies land at Anzio near Rome.
6th June: D-Day invasion of Europe
.
The first V1 rocket bombs land on London and are nicknamed "doodlebugs".
William Heath Robinson dies.


1945: Death of David Lloyd George on the 26th March.
End of Second World War.
Formation of the United Nations.
Benjamin Britten's opera "Peter Grimes" first performed.
George Orwell publishes "Animal Farm".

Bertrand Russell publishes "A History of Western Philosophy".
Francis Bacon paints Three Studies for a Crucifixion".

1946: Death of John Logie Baird on the 14th June.
Death of Paul Nash
on the 11th July.
Death of H. G. Wells on the 13th August.
Winston Churchill delivers his famous "Iron Curtain" Speech at the beginning of the Cold War.

1947: Siegfried Sassoon publishes “Collected Poems”.
Lord Mountbatten is the last Governor General of India as India and Pakistan gain independence.

1948: T.S. Eliot awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Death of Sir Malcolm Campbell
on the 31st December.
Establishment of the National Health Service.
Nationalisation of several industries such as railways, coal and harbours is completed.
The British mandate for Palestine comes to an end and the Nation of Israel is born.

1949: Establishment of NATO.
George Orwell publishes "Nineteen Eighty Four".
Rationing of clothes comes to an end.

1950: Death of George Orwell on the 21st January.
Death of George Bernard Shaw
on the 2nd November.
Bertrand Russell awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Britain recognises Communist China.
1950-1953: Korean War.

1951: Death of Ivor Novello on the 6th March.
Winston Churchill elected Prime Minister for second time.
The Festival of Britain is held.

George the Sixth: 1936-1952

1952: Ben Nicholson represents Britain in the "International Art Exhibition" in Tokyo.
The De Haviland Comet becomes the first jet airliner in the world.

1953: Death of Dylan Thomas on the 9th November.
Stanley Matthews won an FA Cup winners medal in the so called Matthews final.
James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of DNA.

1954: Richard Burton narrates Dylan Thomas's radio play "Under Milk Wood".
Graham Sutherland paints a controversial portrait of Winston Churchill.
ITV Commercial television is proposed and begins next year.
Roger Bannister completes a mile in under four minutes.

1955: Bertrand Russell releases the Russell-Einstein Manifesto in London calling for nuclear disarmament.
Death of Alexander Fleming on the 11th March.
Ruth Ellis is the last woman to be hung in Britain.

1956: Suez Crisis.
Death of A.A. Milne on the 31st January.
Double yellow lines appear for the first time in Slough.
Calder Hall, the world's first commercial nuclear power station is opened.

1957: Henry Moore begins his reclining Figure for the UNESCO Building in Paris.
The Jodrell Bank radio telescope begins operating.

1958: Death of Dame Christabel Pankhurst on the 13th February.
Death of Ralph Vaughan Williams on the 26th August.
John Betjeman publishes “Collected Poems”.
Munich Air Disaster in which seven Manchester United players die amongst others.

1959: Death of Sir Stanley Spencer on the 14th December.
Christopher Cockerell introduces the first Hovercraft capable of crossing the English Channel.
D.H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover" is brought to law on obscenity charges.

1961: Death of Augustus John on the 31st October.
Benjamin Britten composes “War Requiem”.
John Lennon appears in the debut concert of "The Beatles" at the Cavern Club in Liverpool.
The Farthing ceases to be legal tender.

1962: Cuban Missile Crisis.
Graham Hill becomes Formula One World Champion.
L.S. Lowry elected as a Member of the Royal Academy.
Formation of the European Space Agency.
Sir Basil Spence designs Coventry Cathedral.
Anthony Burgess writs "A Clockwork Orange".

1963: Death of Lord Nuffield on the 22nd August.
Laurence Olivier becomes the first director of the National Theatre.
Death of Aldous Huxley on the 22nd November
Jim Clark finally became World Champion.
The Double Agent Kim Philby deflects to the Soviet Union.

1964: John Lennon and "The Beatles" tour the United States.
Pirate radio station Radio Caroline begins broadcasting from a ship in the North Sea.

1965: Death of T.S. Eliot on the 4th January.
Death of Sir Winston Churchill on the 24th January.
Death of William Somerset Maugham on the 16th December.
Rhodesia under Ian Smith makes a Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Britain. (UDI).
Mary Quant designs the mini skirt.
The Post Office Tower opens in London.

1966: Death of Evelyn Waugh on the 12th April.
John Lennon meets Yoko Ono for the first time.
Bobby Moore captains England to World Cup Final victory over West Germany.
Ian Brady and Myra Hindley the "Moors Murderers" are sentenced to life imprisonment.
Anti Vietnam War protestors turn violent outside the US Embassy in Grosvenor Square, London.
October: 144 people including many schoolchildren are killed in the Aberfan mine tip slippage.

1967: Death of Donald Campbell in a crash at Coniston Water 4th January.
Death of John Masefield on the 12th May.
Death of Siegfried Sassoon on the 1st September.
The first colour television broadcasts begin.

1968: Death of Jim Clark on the 7th April.
Enoch Powell delivers his controversial "Rivers of Blood" Speech in Birmingham.

1969: First Apollo Moon Landings.
John Lennon sings “Give Peace a Chance”.
The Open University is founded.

1970: Death of Bertrand Russell on the 2nd February.
Death of E. M. Forster on the 7th June.
Bernadette Devlin is arrested in Londonderry and riots break out.
The Beatles split up.

1971: John Lennon sings “Imagine”.
Education Secretary Margaret Thatcher abolishes free school milk.

1972: John Betjeman Appointed as the Poet Laureate.
Thousands of Asians from Uganda who have been expelled by Idi Amin arrive in Britain.

1973: Death of J.R.R. Tolkien on the 2nd September.
Edward Burra Retrospective of 143 of his pictures at the Tate Gallery.
Death of W.H. Auden on the 29th September.
Britain joins the Common Market (EEC- European Economic Community).

1974: Prime Minister Edward Heath introduces the Three Day Week due to the effects of industrial action.
21 people are killed in Birmingham after the IRA blow up two pubs.

1975: Death of Barbara Hepworth on the 20th May.
Death of Graham Hill on the 29th November.
A crash on the London Underground at Moorgate kills 43 people.

1976: Death of L.S. Lowry on the 23rd February.
Death of Edward Burra on the 22nd October.
Death of Benjamin Britten on the 4th December.
The National Theatre building opens.

1977: First commercial flights of the supersonic airliner Concorde between London and New York.
The Yorkshire Ripper commits his murders.

1978: The Winter of Discontent occurs due to the number of strikes.
Former Leader of the Liberal Party Jeremy Thorpe goes on trial for conspiracy to murder.

1979: Death of Barnes Wallis on the 30th October.
Bobby Moore appointed Manager of Oxford City.
Mrs Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first female Prime Minister.

1980: Death of Graham Sutherland on the 17th February.
Death of John Lennon on the 8th December.
The British Olympic Association send athletes to the Moscow Olympics despite Government advice.

1981: The Social Democratic Party is formed by ex-Labour M.P.'s
The Yorkshire Ripper is arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment.

1982: Falkland Islands Conflict.
Death of Ben Nicholson on the 6th February.
The Thames Barrier is operated for the first time.
The Tudor warship the Mary Rose is raised from the seabed.

1983: William Golding wins the Nobel prize for Literature,
The race horse Shergar is stolen.
Breakfast television begins for the first time.

1984: Death of John Betjeman on the 19th May.
Chatham dockyards close after 400 years of operation.

1985: End of the Miner's strike.
The first mobile phone call is made by comedian Ernie Wise.

1986: Death of Henry Moore on the 31st August.
Radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster reaches Britain.

1987: Terry Waite, envoy to the Archbishop of Canterbury, is kidnapped in Beirut.
The Docklands Light Railway is opened.

1988: Pan Am flight 103 is blown up over Lockerbie by the Libyans.

1989: Death of Laurence Olivier on the 11th July.
A Fatwah death sentence is put out by the Ayatollah Khomenei on Salman Rushdie for his writing of the "Satanic Verses".

1990: Sterling joins the Exchange Rate Mechanism.
An IRA Bomb explodes at the London Stock Exchange.

1991: First Gulf War after Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait.
Death of Graham Greene on the 3rd April.
The IRA launch a mortar attack against 10 Downing Street.

1992: Death of Francis Bacon on the 28th April
The Maastricht Treaty forms the European Union.
On Black Wednesday Sterling is removed from the Exchange Rate Mechanism.

1993: Death of Bobby Moore on the 24th February.

1994: The Channel Tunnel between Britain and France is officially opened.
The UK National Lottery begins.
Fred and Rose West are charged with multiple murder.

1995: Collapse of Barings Bank after losses from rogue trader Nick Leeson.

1996: Death of Frank Whittle on the 8th August.
Thomas Hamilton kills 16 children in Dunblane.

1997: Formation of the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.
Death of Diana Princess of Wales in a car crash in Paris causes an outpouring of national grief.
Return of Hong Kong from Britain to China.

1998: Signing of the Good Friday Agreement between Britain and the Irish Republic.

1999: Introduction of the minimum wage.
Elections to the new Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assemblies are held.

2000: Death of Stanley Matthews on the 23rd February.
Opening of Tate Modern art Gallery.

2001: Foot and Mouth disease breaks out in Britain.

2002: The Commonwealth Games are held in 'Manchester.

2003: The Government issues a Dossier that states that Iraq and Saddam Hussein has weapons of Mass Destruction. The Second Gulf War begins.

2004: Voters reject a Regional Assembly in the North East of England.

2005: The Hunting Act, banning hunting with dogs comes into force.

Elizabeth the Second 1952 to present

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